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Kafli 3 • Algebra og jöfnur

155

Bókstafareikningur

3.81

Reiknaðu dæmin.

a ​ 

5

____ 

12

 ​+ ​ 

11

____

12

​− ​ 

7

____ 

12

 ​

b ​ 

2

___ 

3

​+ ​ 

1

___ 

6

​− ​ 

1

___ 

4 ​

c ​ 

7

____ 

16

 ​· ​ 

8

____ 

21

 ​

d ​ 

7

____ 

18

 ​− ​ 

5

___ 

6

​+ ​ 

4

___ 

9

e ​ 

7

___ 

9

​: ​ 

28

____

27

f ​ 

1

___ 

2

​· ​

( 

​ 

7

___ 

9

​+ ​ 

1

___ 

3

​ 

)

3.82

Þáttaðu stæðurnar.

a

3

x

− 9

b

2

b

2

+ 16

b

c

4

x

2

+ 2

xy

d

21

a

3

+ 7

a

2

b

e

3

a

3

− 12

a

2

+ 12

a

f

a

4

b

2

a

2

b

3.83

Finndu minnsta sameiginlega margfeldið.

a

2, 6, 15

b

2, 4

x

, 12

x

c

2

ab

2

, 6

a

2

, 3

b

, 4

a

3

d

7

x

2

y

, 3

xy

, 6

e

2

x

2

, (3

x

− 9), 6

x

f

4

x

, (2 − 6

x

), (4 − 12

x

)

3.84

Finndu samnefnara, dragðu saman líka liði og einfaldaðu eins og hægt er.

a

2 + ​ 

1

___ 

a

b ​ 

x

+ 1

______ 

2

x ​

+ ​ 

3

x

+ 5

_______

2

x

c ​ 

2

a

+

b

_______

ab ​

− ​ 

a

+

b

______ 

ab

d ​ 

x

___ 

2

​+ ​ 

x

− 1

______

4 ​− ​ 

x

+ 1

______

3

 ​

e ​ 

b - 2

_____

b

2

 ​+ ​ 

3

b

+ 1

_______

2

b

 ​

− ​ 

1

___ 

3

f ​ 

x

3

y

3

_______

x

2

y

2

 ​

+ ​ 

y

___ 

x

2

 ​

+ ​ 

2

x

____ 

y

2

 ​

g ​ 

2

___ 

a

​+

​ 

2

______ 

a

2

a

 ​

​ 

1

______ 

a

− 1

 ​

h

​ 3

x 

_______ 

4x

+ 2

 ​

+

​ 

x

2

_______ 

2

x

+ 1

 ​

​ 

x 

___ 

2

i

​ x

− 2 

______ 

6x

 ​

+ ​ 

x

2

+ ​ 2 

___ 

3

________

x

2

+ 2

x

− ​ 

x 

______ 

x

+ 2

 ​

3.85

Þáttaðu og styttu ef hægt er.

a

​ 9

a 

____ 

2

·

​ 4 

_____ 

3

ab

b

​ 

x

4

y

3

_____

5

 ​

:

​ 

x

2

y

2

_____ 

10

 ​

c

​ a

2

________ 

2a

+

ab

 ​

·

​ 2 +

b 

______

b

 ​

d

​ 

a

− 2 

______ 

2

·

​ 4

a

2

_______ 

2

a

− 4

 ​

e

4

·

​ x 

________ 

2

x

2

− 2

·

​ 

x

2

− 1 

_______

x

3

 ​

f

​ 

​ a

b 

______

ab

 ​

________ 

​ a

2

ab 

_______

b

 ​

 ​

g

12 + ​ 

9

____ 

11 ​· ​ 

22

____ 

3

 ​

h ​ 

5

___ 

6

​: ​ 

15

____

18

i ​

( 

​ 

5

___ 

7 ​− ​ 

2

___ 

5 ​ 

)

​· ​

( 

​ 

21

____

22

​− ​ 

1

___ 

2

​ 

)